Understanding Diagnosis of Autism

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition characterized by differences in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. It is termed a "spectrum" because symptoms and their severity vary widely among individuals.

Categories of Autism

The spectrum of autism encompasses various levels of support needs:

1. Mild Autism (Level 1 or "High-Functioning Autism")

• Characteristics:

  • Difficulty in social interactions and forming relationships.

  • Struggles with understanding social cues and non-verbal communication.

  • Inflexible thinking and preference for routines.

  • May have intense focus on specific interests or hobbies.

  • Language development is often typical, but pragmatic (social) language use may be affected.

• Commonly Associated Terms:

  • Previously known as Asperger’s Syndrome or High-Functioning Autism before the DSM-5 revision.

• Support Needs:

  • Minimal to moderate support in social settings or when adapting to changes.

  • Interventions focus on social skills, self-regulation, and coping strategies.

2. Moderate Autism (Level 2)

• Characteristics:

  • More pronounced challenges in communication (may use simple phrases or nonverbal communication).

  • Noticeable difficulty in coping with changes or social expectations.

  • Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests are common.

  • May require support in daily living and social interactions.

• Support Needs:

  • Structured routines, speech therapy, and behavioral support.

3. Severe Autism (Level 3)

• Characteristics:

  • Significant difficulties in communication; many may be nonverbal.

  • Intense repetitive behaviors and restricted interests.

  • Sensory sensitivities can be overwhelming.

  • Requires extensive support for daily living and safety.

• Support Needs:

  • Continuous, one-on-one support for communication, behavior, and activities of daily living.